FINAL ANSWER KEY
Paper: Principles of the Probation System (Part II - Paper II)
Date of
Examination
17-10-2019
Question1:-As per the United Nations probation is a method of dealing with :
A:-Prisoners
B:-Offenders
C:-Juveniles
D:-Habitual offenders
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question2:-Behaviour promoting, supporting or committing acts which may lead to terrorism and which are aimed at defending an ideology advocating racial, national ethnic or religious supremacy can be termed as :
A:-Violent extremism
B:-International terrorism
C:-Cultural extremism
D:-Geological violence
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question3:-Sentences that are not added together in determining sentence length, but instead, run conterminously are : A:-Collective sentences
B:-Concurrent sentences
C:-Consecutive sentences
D:-Plural sentences
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question4:-The conditional suspension of punishment has to be supplemented by all the following additional safeguards except : A:-Security deposit for good conduct
B:-Careful selection of persons for probation
C:-Considering risk from the point of view of society
D:-Personal assistance and guidance during probation period
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question5:-The United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency is also known as :
A:-Riyadh Guidelines
B:-Tokyo rules
C:-Bangkok Guidelines
D:-Beijing Rules
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question6:-The application of probation is on a :
A:-Compulsory basis
B:-Punitive basis
C:-Pecuniary basis
D:-Voluntary basis
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question7:-The distinguishing factor between probationary supervision and police supervision is :
A:-Effectiveness
B:-Existence of personal relationship
C:-Statutory requirement
D:-Authoritarian nature
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question8:-The United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Their Liberty was adopted in the year : A:-2006
B:-1995
C:-1990
D:-1985
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question9:-The substitution of a less severe punishment for that which was originally imposed is termed as
A:-Pardon
B:-Commutation
C:-Suspension
D:-Parole
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question10:-The process through which violent extremist prisoners move from custody to living in the community is : A:-Reintegration
B:-Selection
C:-Disengagement
D:-Disassociation
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question11:-All the following are true about Social Enquiry Report for imposition of non-custodial measures except : A:-The social enquiry report shall be prepared by a competent, authorized official or agency
B:-The report should contain social information on the offender that is relevant to the person's pattern of offending and current offences C:-The report should also state information that are relevant to the sentencing procedure
D:-The report shall be subjective
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question12:-The probation of offenders Act, 1907 fixes the maximum period of suspension of punishment at : A:-3 years
B:-2 years
C:-5 years
D:-1 year
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question13:-A temporary interruption of parole following the issuance of a warrant by the paroling authority or other persons delegated with this responsibility is called :
A:-Remission
B:-Commutation
C:-Suspension
D:-Suspended sentence
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question14:-As per Section _________ of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, the report of the probation Officer shall be confidential. A:-Section 3
B:-Section 4
C:-Section 7
D:-Section 5
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question15:-The constructive assistance of the society in case of a probationer is primarily provided through which intermediary? A:-Prosecution
B:-Probation officer
C:-Juvenile Justice Board
D:-Social workers
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question16:-The recognizance as the legal basis of probations in England was abolished by :
A:-The probation of Offenders Act, 1908
B:-The Criminal Justice Administration Act, 1914
C:-The Probation of Offenders Act, 1907
D:-The Criminal Justice Act, 1948
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question17:-Non-custodial measures imposing an obligation on the offender can involve all the following except : A:-Psychological experimentation
B:-Community social work
C:-Work Release programs
D:-Fines
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question18:-The problem of an offender's social rehabilitation is ultimately connected with
A:-Age group
B:-Previous crime history
C:-Family and home circumstances
D:-Financial background
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question19:-The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice is also known as : A:-Tokyo Rules
B:-Hague Rules
C:-Beijing Rules
D:-Rome Rules
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question20:-All the following programs are included in conditional release except :
A:-Pardon
B:-Work release
C:-Day parole
D:-Unescorted temporary absences
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question21:-Since the enactment of Probation of Offenders Act 1907, the application of probation with respect to criminal record has been : A:-Restricted
B:-Unrestricted
C:-Limited
D:-Discretionary
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question22:-The scheme which outlines the frequency of contact with the offender in order to accomplish the objectives of probation supervision is known as :
A:-Pre-sentence report
B:-Pre-investigation Report
C:-Supervision plan
D:-Social Investigation Report
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question23:-As per Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, probation officer means an officer appointed to be a probation officer or recognised as such under ________ of the Act.
A:-Section 11
B:-Section 12
C:-Section 13
D:-Section 14
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question24:-Statutory requirement in connection with revocation of probation presents in which of the following ways : A:-Specification of circumstances which makes revocation mandatory
B:-Specification of circumstances which make probation optional at discretion of court
C:-Authorisation of the court to revoke or continue probation at its discretion
D:-All the above
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question25:-A disposition of the court where an offender is sentenced to a period of control and supervision in the community is known as :
A:-Parole
B:-Pardon
C:-Probation
D:-Reversion
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question26:-In Anglo-American jurisdictions, the rule regarding revocation of probation is predominantly :
A:-Statutory discretion
B:-Complete judicial discretion
C:-Discretion of probation officer
D:-Executive discretion
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question27:-All the following are true about non-custodial measures imposing an obligation on the offender : A:-The measures can be applied at any stage of proceedings
B:-Decisions on the imposition of non-custodial measures shall be subject to review by a judicial or other competent independent authority C:-The application of measures can be done even without the consent of the offender
D:-The measures shall be applied without any discrimination
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question28:-Which of the following laws dispensed with the use of terms ''conviction'' and ''sentence'' with respect to offenders less than seventeen years of age?
A:-The probation of Offenders Act, 1908
B:-The Criminal justice Administration Act, 1914
C:-The Probation of Offenders Act, 1907
D:-The Children and Young Persons Act, 1933
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question29:-An administrative procedure which permits selected offenders to bypass formal adversary proceedings by participating in a treatment-oriented program, thus avoiding formal conviction is called :
A:-Diversion
B:-Selection
C:-Assortment
D:-Segregation
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question30:-The application of New Zealand Statute of 1886 was limited to :
A:-Nature of offence
B:-Young offenders
C:-First offenders
D:-Women offenders
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question31:-An agreement entered into by the prosecutor and a defendant whereby concessions are generally in return for accepting guilt is : A:-Compromise
B:-Compounding
C:-Restitution
D:-Plea Bargaining
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question32:-Federal statutory provision for the establishment and operation of Juvenile Courts was made in Canada in the year : A:-1949
B:-1908
C:-1922
D:-1946
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question33:-A historic conditioned release of an offender that was granted for good behaviour and revoked for misconduct A:-Remission
B:-Commutation
C:-Suspension
D:-Ticket of Leave
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question34:-Which of the following essential elements of probation was not considered in probation of First Offenders Act of 1887 : A:-Antecedents of offender
B:-Supervision of offender
C:-Age of the offender
D:-Nature of offence
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question35:-The United Nations Rules for the ''Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-Custodial Measures for Women Offenders'' was adopted by the UN General Assembly in the year :
A:-2012
B:-2016
C:-2006
D:-2010
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question36:-The Rome Memorandum on Good Practices for the Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Violent Extremist Offenders is prepared by : A:-Global Counterterrorism Forum
B:-International Centre for Counter-Terrorism
C:-Council of Europe
D:-International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question37:-Which of the following is not true about Indian Code of Criminal Procedure of 1898 :
A:-S. 562 provided for probation
B:-Offenders can be released on probation of good conduct
C:-The application of provision was not restricted to first offenders
D:-There was no provision for supervision
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question38:-The duties of probation officers are mentioned in section _________ of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958. A:-Section 11
B:-Section 13
C:-Section 14
D:-Section 12
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question39:-In USA, the power to determine the conditions or requirements to be imposed on probationers is usually vested on : A:-Probation officers
B:-Courts of law
C:-Attorney general
D:-Governor of State
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question40:-All the following are true regarding the application of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial measures except :
A:-The Rules can be applied to all persons subject to prosecution, trial or the execution of a sentence
B:-The Rules can be applied in all stages of the administration of criminal justice
C:-All persons whether suspected, accused or sentenced to which the Rules apply are referred to as ''criminals'' D:-The Rules shall be applied without any discrimination
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question41:-Which of the following is not true regarding Criminal Justice Act, 1925?
A:-Establishment of special administrative units consisting of session divisions
B:-Compulsory appointment of probation officers
C:-Power of Court to regulate salaries and conditions of service of probation officers
D:-Probation committees responsible for appointment of probation officers
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question42:-The process by which staff, clients, residents, prisoners and volunteers are given information about the objectives, services, rules, regulations and structure of the organisation or service is known as :
A:-Publication
B:-Schematisation
C:-Orientation
D:-Direction
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question43:-People who tend to reject equality and pluralism in society can be termed as :
A:-Terrorist
B:-Offender
C:-Anarchist
D:-Extremist
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question44:-The Recognizance System introduced which of the following valuable elements into probation?
A:-Supervision
B:-Consent
C:-Age limit
D:-Education
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question45:-The certification by an independent organisation that an agency for probationary services meets all formal prescribed requirements is called :
A:-Accommodation
B:-Accreditation
C:-Association
D:-Augmentation
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question46:-The power of court to release certain offenders after admonition is provided under section _______ of the probation of Offenders Act, 1958.
A:-Section 3
B:-Section 4
C:-Section 5
D:-Section 6
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question47:-The statutory provision for conditional sentence was first made in Sweden in the year :
A:-1939
B:-1918
C:-1890
D:-1906
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question48:-The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures was adopted in the year : A:-2006
B:-1990
C:-2016
D:-1996
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question49:-The final sanction at the disposal of courts in case the probationer fails to abide by the conditions is : A:-Revocation of probation and execution of punishment
B:-Enhancement of punishment
C:-Immediate imprisonment of probationer
D:-Imposition of Pecuniary penalties
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question50:-The development of approaches for defusing hostile dispute situations encountered in client supervision by applying techniques for restoring order and resolving conflicts is defined as :
A:-Supervision
B:-Resolution
C:-Plea bargaining
D:-Crisis Intervention
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question51:-Rule ________ of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures provides that the offender's personal records shall be kept strictly confidential and closed to third parties.
A:-Rule 3.2
B:-Rule 3.9
C:-Rule 3.12
D:-Rule 3.11
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question52:-The guidance or ''treatment'' given in probation is
A:-Collective in nature
B:-Individual in nature
C:-Autocratic in nature
D:-Societal in nature
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question53:-The Guidelines for Action on Children in the Criminal Justice System (1997) was prepared by :
A:-UNODC
B:-UNISEF
C:-UNCTAD
D:-OHCHR
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question54:-The first Juvenile Court law in United States was
A:-Minnesota Act of 1899
B:-Illinois statute of 1899
C:-Rhode Island Acts and Resolves 1899
D:-Massachusetts Statute of 1898
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question55:-The release of an offender from confinement for a specified period of time for humanitarian or program purposes is : A:-Respite
B:-Commutation
C:-Pardon
D:-Conditional Release
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question56:-All the following are true regarding pre-trial detentions except :
A:-An order of pre-trial detention is final
B:-Pre-trial detention shall be used as a means of last resort in criminal proceedings
C:-Alternatives to pre-trial detention shall be employed at as early a stage as possible
D:-Pre-trial detention shall be administered humanely and with respect of the inherent dignity of human beings Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question57:-The first probation statute in England is :
A:-The Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879
B:-Probation of First Offenders Act, 1887
C:-The summary Jurisdiction Act, 1899
D:-Probation of First Offenders Act, 1907
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question58:-All those forms of help, paid or unpaid, carried out full time, part time or intermittently, which are made available to the implementing authority by public or private organisations and by individuals drawn from the community can be collectively called :
A:-Community participation
B:-Social Assistance
C:-Contributions
D:-Offerings
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question59:-The term code under the probation of Offenders Act, 1958 refers to :
A:-Civil Procedure Code
B:-Criminal Procedure Code
C:-Indian Penal Code
D:-Both (2) and (3)
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question60:-Which of the following is true regarding revocation of probation in USA?
A:-In majority of states before revocation is ordered the probationer need to be heard
B:-Revocation of probation may be ordered at any time
C:-Generally the courts do not increase the original sentence upon revocation of probation
D:-All the above
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question61:-The social and psychological process whereby an individual's commitment to, and involvement in, violent extremism is reduced to the extent that they are no longer at risk of involvement and engagement in violent activity can be defined as :
A:-Deradicalization
B:-Selection
C:-Disengagement
D:-Disassociation
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question62:-Which of the following conditions of probation is designed to exercise supervision?
A:-The probationer should report at regular intervals to probation officer
B:-The probationer should keep peace and be of good behaviour
C:-Reparations
D:-Fines
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question63:-All persons subject to prosecution, trial or the execution of a sentence can be called :
A:-Suspect
B:-Offender
C:-Delinquent
D:-Probationer
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question64:-Which one of the following is not most common of all conditions imposed on probationers in USA? A:-Fine
B:-Restitution
C:-Support of dependents
D:-Regular Employment
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question65:-The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial measures is popularty known as :
A:-Tokyo Rules
B:-Hague rules
C:-Vienna Rules
D:-Rome Rules
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question66:-The rudimentary probation practice of Matthew Davenport Hill and E.W Cox in England primarily related to : A:-Juveniles
B:-First offenders
C:-Women offenders
D:-Political offenders
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question67:-A situation where a staff decision in a correctional organisation appears to be influenced by personal interest or gain can be termed as :
A:-Bias
B:-Conflict of Interest
C:-Prejudice
D:-Inequity
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question68:-Rule __________ of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures, provide that the dignity of the offender subject to non-custodial measures shall be protected at all times.
A:-Rule 3.2
B:-Rule 3.9
C:-Rule 3.12
D:-Rule 3.11
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question69:-The stage of the criminal proceedings at which the preliminary enquiry is initiated depends on:
A:-Age of offenders
B:-Legal procedure employed for suspension of punishment
C:-Nature of offence
D:-Type of court
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question70:-The Headquarters of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is at :
A:-Hague
B:-Brussels
C:-Vienna
D:-Geneva
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question71:-According to UN the unit of probationary treatment is :
A:-Total personality of probationer
B:-Probationary area
C:-Age groups
D:-Category of crime
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question72:-A program that permits an inmate to be conditionally released to the community for a finite period prior to sentence completion for purposes of engaging in productive employment is :
A:-Work release
B:-Short Probation
C:-Short Release
D:-Restitution
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question73:-In case of young offenders, the success of probation primarily defends on
A:-Income level
B:-Home circumstances
C:-Educational qualifications
D:-Psychiatric treatment
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question74:-The activities which can be used to secure compliance by using, or threatening to use, the procedures available in the event of non-compliance can be termed as :
A:-Sanction
B:-Penalties
C:-Control
D:-Deviances
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question75:-The value of probationary supervision and success and failure of probation primarily defends on
A:-Economic capacity of probationers
B:-Quality of medical treatment
C:-Educational qualification of probationer
D:-Personal relationship between probationers and probation officer
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question76:-A body empowered to decide on with primary responsibility for the practical application of a community sanction or measure is called as :
A:-Executive Authority
B:-Implementing Authority
C:-Administrative Authority
D:-Discretionary Authority
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question77:-Which state in USA shares with England the honour of having given the probation system to the world? A:-Washington
B:-Massachusetts
C:-Georgia
D:-Illinois
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question78:-Section 6 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 imposes restriction on imprisonment of offenders under the age of : A:-21 years
B:-18 years
C:-16 years
D:-14 years
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question79:-A written report for the purpose of assisting the court in imposing sentence and which relates to the accused who has pleaded guilty or who has been found guilty of an offence by the court is called :
A:-Supervision report
B:-Pre-sentence report
C:-Social investigation report
D:-Probation report
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question80:-The development of probation in USA after the beginning of the twentieth century is closely related to : A:-Juvenile court movement
B:-Reformative movement
C:-Victimology
D:-Prisoners rights movement
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question81:-The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice was adopted in the year : A:-2006
B:-1990
C:-2016
D:-1985
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question82:-In England, the concept of probation in the full modern meaning of the term was given statutory sanction in A:-Criminal Justice Administration Act, 1914
B:-The Summary Jurisdiction Act 1879``
C:-Probation of First Offenders Act, 1887
D:-Probation of Offenders Act, 1907
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question83:-A punishment option that is considered on a continuum to fall between probation and a sentence of incarceration A:-Intermediate sanction
B:-Recognizance
C:-Binding off
D:-Reprieve
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question84:-All the following are true about probation conditions except :
A:-The conditions should not be unreasonable
B:-There should not be imposition of arbitrary restrictions
C:-Pecuniary conditions can be imposed
D:-The means of the probationer is irrelevant while imposing pecuniary conditions
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question85:-As per Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, the Court can release after admonition, offenders who have committed offence under all the following sections of Indian Penal Code except :
A:-379
B:-376
C:-380
D:-420
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question86:-Which organ of the United Nations prepared the study named ''Probation and Related Measures''
A:-Department of Social Affairs
B:-Economic and Social Council
C:-UNCRI
D:-UNISEF
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question87:-A process whereby the court delays or stays the execution of a sentence and usually imposes conditions of probation is called : A:-Remission
B:-Commutation
C:-Suspension
D:-Suspended Sentence
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question88:-The probation of First Offenders Act, 1887 was applicable to first offenders convicted of all the following except : A:-Larceny
B:-False pretences
C:-Culpable homicide
D:-Offences punishable with not more than two years imprisonment
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question89:-An obligation in a court of law to perform a specific duty as a condition for referral is known as:
A:-Condition
B:-Obligation
C:-Bond
D:-Recognisance
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question90:-The process of changing the belief system, rejecting the extremist ideology, and embracing mainstream values is termed as :
A:-Deradicalization
B:-Selection
C:-Disengagement
D:-Disassociation
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question91:-An absolution of the offender from punishment which can be granted before or after punishment has taken effect is called A:-Probation
B:-Commutation
C:-Pardon
D:-Suspension
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question92:-The process whereby offenders are divided into defined groups according to accepted criteria for the purposes of placement in an appropriate correctional facility is :
A:-Categorisation
B:-Classification
C:-Selection
D:-Segregation
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question93:-Probation as a form of individualized treatment of offenders require :
A:-Automatic selection of offenders
B:-Statutory limits in selection
C:-Discretionary selection of offenders
D:-Medical selection of offenders
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question94:-As per Section 13 of Juvenile Justice Care and Protection of Children Act 2000, who shall collect information regarding the antecedents and family background of the juvenile?
A:-Juvenile Justice Board
B:-Social worker
C:-Magistrate
D:-Probation officer
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question95:-The principal argument advanced in favour of the system of office reporting of probation officers is A:-Reformatory value
B:-Disciplinary value
C:-Preventive value
D:-Ethical value
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question96:-The provision of assistance, referral and information services to offenders concerning personal development, institutional obligations, and available programs are jointly called :
A:-Social work
B:-Community participation
C:-Counselling
D:-Psycho analysis
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question97:-Which among the following is the first essential constituent of probation?
A:-Education
B:-Psychological Counselling
C:-Rehabilitation
D:-Conditional Suspension of Punishment
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question98:-The Hague Core Principles and Good Practices Paper on the Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Violent Extremist Offenders is published by :
A:-Global Counterterrorism Forum
B:-Council of Europe
C:-International Centre for Counter-Terrorism
D:-International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question99:-The Massachusetts Statue of 1878 was the first law in USA to provide for :
A:-Parole system
B:-Conditional suspension of punishment
C:-Appointment of paid probation officers
D:-Separate provision for juveniles
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question100:-An action taken by the court which removes a person from probation because of a violation of conditions of release is defined as : A:-Revocation
B:-Termination
C:-Suspension
D:-Cancellation
Correct Answer:- Option-A