01-11-2020 The Kerala PWD Manual

 FINAL ANSWER KEY 

Paper: The Kerala PWD Manual 

Date of Test 01-11-2020 

Question1:-Structural designs and drawings shall be carried out before the preparation of detailed estimate for A.S. for works casting more than Rs.______ 

        A:-2 crores 

        B:-1 crore 

        C:-3 crores 

        D:-5 crores 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question2:-The defect liability period of the work of providing Retro reflective sign boards and direction boards is _________ months.         A:-36 

        B:-18 

        C:-24 

        D:-12 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question3:-How many months in the normal course, the firm period of a tender, ie, the period from the date of opening of tender to the data of acceptance of tender issued in writing to the bidder 

        A:-3 

        B:-2 

        C:-1 

        D:-6 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question4:-Amount  of maximum fine is to be levied if the agreement is not executed with in 10 days after the notified period of 14 days.         A:-Rs.10,000 

        B:-Rs.15,000 

        C:-Rs.50,000 

        D:-Rs.25,000 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question5:-Assistant Executive Engineer is to super check ______% of concealed items of work which check measured by Assistant Engineer.         A:-10 

        B:-25 

        C:-75 

        D:-50 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question6:-EMD (Bid Security) of selected bidder will be released: 

        A:-After be furnishes performance Security Deposit 

        B:-After be executes the agreement 

        C:-After the acceptance of tender 

        D:-After be furnishes performance Security Deposit and duly entered into the agreement 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question7:-Who facilitate preparation of Land Acquisition plan in co-ordination with Revenue Department 

        A:-Chief Engineer 

        B:-Superintending Engineer 

        C:-Executive Engineer 

        D:-Assistant Executive Engineer 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question8:-Application for the release of performance security deposit is to be made in the in the form of Appendix         A:-2000 E 

        B:-2900 A 

        C:-2000 D 

        D:-2900 D 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question9:-What is RAP? 

        A:-Road Action Plan 

        B:-Resettlement Action Plan 

        C:-Resettlement Assessment Plan 

        D:-Resettlement Annual Plan 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question10:-The validity of accreditation of government agencies for the execution of public works is _____ years.         A:-5 

        B:-3 

        C:-2 

        D:-1 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question11:-The professional head and Technical advisor to Government for Buildings branch is 

        A:-Chief Engineer (Administration) 

        B:-Chief Engineer (Buildings) 

        C:-Chief Technical Examiner 

        D:-Chief Architect 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question12:-The Remedial measures required to rectify the defects mentioned in the inspection report of quality control cell is to be suggested by         A:-CE (A and D) 

        B:-SE 

        C:-EE 

        D:-Deputy Chief Engineer (Vigilence) 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question13:-The environment an social cell shall have to vet major projects costing above Rs. 

        A:-10 crores 

        B:-25 crores 

        C:-15 crores 

        D:-50 crores 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C

Question14:-Maximum amount of EMD to be collected for works costing above Rs.10 crores 

        A:-Rs. 5 lakhs 

        B:-Rs.2 lakhs 

        C:-Rs.1 lakh 

        D:-Rs. 50,000 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question15:-Who will hold the charge of Division office in the absence of Executive Engineer? 

        A:-Divisional Accounts Officer 

        B:-Senior Superintendent 

        C:-Deputy Executive Engineer 

        D:-Assistant Engineer (works) 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question16:-Registration fee to be remitted by a registered contractor for upgrading his category of registration of 'C' class is _______         A:-Rs. 2,000 

        B:-Rs.1,000 

        C:-Rs.1,500 

        D:-Rs.2,500 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question17:-Who is the nodal officer to implement GIS and RMMS in road management 

        A:-Executive Engineer (IT) 

        B:-Executive Engineer (planning) 

        C:-Executive Engineer HRD 

        D:-Chief Engineer (roads) 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question18:-'B' category Electrical contractors are qualified to tender works costing up to 

        A:-55 lakhs 

        B:-25 lakhs 

        C:-20 lakhs 

        D:-Unlimited 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question19:-Chief Engineer is authorised to arrange work on quotation basis during emergent situations subject to budget provision with in an manual ceiling to ______ times to the existing financial powers. 

        A:-100 

        B:-50 

        C:-25 

        D:-10 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question20:-What is PRICE software? 

        A:-Project Implementation and Cost Estimation 

        B:-Project Information and Cost Engineering 

        C:-Project Information by Chief Engineer 

        D:-Project Information and cost Estimation 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question21:-Tender fee inrespect of bids that are cancelled due to no fault of the bidder shall be: 

        A:-Forfeited to government 

        B:-Refunded to the bidder 

        C:-Keep in the account for adjustment in future tender 

        D:-None of the above 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question22:-Chief Engineer is empowered to issue Technical sanction up to Rs _____ Crore. 

        A:-Unlimited 

        B:-2 

        C:-10 

        D:-5 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question23:-All tender for amounts Rs.5 lakhs and above shall be procured through the ______ system. 

        A:-Open tender 

        B:-Competitive quotation 

        C:-Electronic procurement 

        D:-None of these 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question24:-All works having estimate cost exceeding Rs.5 lakhs shall be tendered on _____ basis. 

        A:-Percentage rate 

        B:-Lumpsum amount 

        C:-Item rate 

        D:-None of these 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question25:-The cost of tender forms/fees for works costing between Rs.10 lakhs to Rs.1 crore is Rs. 

        A:-3,000 

        B:-2,000 

        C:-1,500 

        D:-2,500 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question26:-Who is authorised to take and record measurements of work up to the T.S. power of Assistant Engineer?         A:-Third grade overseer 

        B:-Second grade overseer 

        C:-First grade overseer 

        D:-All category of overseers 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question27:-MORTH data as per IRC guidlines shall be adopted for estimate of ______ works. 

        A:-Buildings 

        B:-Roads and Bridges 

        C:-Buildings and roads 

        D:-Roads

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question28:-What is RMMS? 

        A:-Road Materials Management system 

        B:-Road Materials Maintenance System 

        C:-Road Maintenance Management System 

        D:-Road Marking Maintenance System 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question29:-EIA stands for 

        A:-Environmental Investigation Assessment 

        B:-Environmental Integrity Assessment 

        C:-Environmental Impact Assessment 

        D:-Environmental Information Assessment 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question30:-Which cell in the office of CE (A and D) shall collect the road maintenance requirements and include fund requirement in the annual budget as a planned item? 

        A:-HRD Cell 

        B:-RMMS Cell 

        C:-IT Cell 

        D:-RIMS 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question31:-What is the name of state department dealing with Environmental matters? 

        A:-KSPCB 

        B:-Department of science, Technology and Environment 

        C:-Forest Department 

        D:-Health Department 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question32:-Promotion to the Post of AEE and AA shall be done based  on the select list prepared by 

        A:-DPC - Higher and notification issued by Government 

        B:-DPC - Lower and notification issued by Government 

        C:-DPC - Higher and orders issued by CE (A and D) 

        D:-DPC - Lower and orders issued by CE (A and D) 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question33:-The methods of prequalification and postqualification bidding are being adopted for the works having amount above the T.S. powers of         A:-Executive Engineer 

        B:-Superintending Engineer 

        C:-Assistance Executive Engineer 

        D:-Assistant Engineer 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question34:-Assistant Executive Engineer shall inspect all the Buildings/Structures under his control ____ a year. 

        A:-Once 

        B:-Twice 

        C:-Thrice 

        D:-Four times 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question35:-How many percentage of amount of kerala motor vehicles tax collected in the previous year shall contribute to KRFB.         A:-10% 

        B:-8% 

        C:-5% 

        D:-15% 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question36:-The estimate for ______ shall be prepared based on relevant Is codes, NBC 2005 and KMB rules. 

        A:-Bridges 

        B:-Buildings 

        C:-Roads 

        D:-Culverts 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question37:-For settlement of centrally sponsered claims and adjustment of inter departmental state accounts, chief Engineer has to obtain remarks of the 

        A:-Senior Finance Officer 

        B:-Administrative Assistant 

        C:-Deputy chief Engineer Administration 

        D:-Deputy chief Engineer (Vigilence) 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question38:-The estimate for the additional works consequent on the development or extension of a project or work under execution which not found fairly contingent in the original estimate is called 

        A:-Revised estimate 

        B:-Recast estimate 

        C:-Deviation estimate 

        D:-Supplementary estimate 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question39:-The main information sharing platform of PWD is 

        A:-WINGS 

        B:-RIMS 

        C:-MIS 

        D:-FMS 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question40:-Which is the nodal agency of Central Government for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and overseeing the environmental programmes? 

        A:-CPCB 

        B:-KSPCB 

        C:-NICMAR 

        D:-MOEF 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question41:-Who is responsible for the establishment matters including transfer and posting of non-gazetted ministerial staff of PWD?         A:-Deputy Chief Engineer (Administration)

        B:-Administrative Assistant (Ministerial) 

        C:-Administrative Officer 

        D:-Administrative Assistant (General) 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question42:-What is EMP? 

        A:-Environmental Management Plan 

        B:-Effective Management Plan 

        C:-Engineering Management Project 

        D:-None of these 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question43:-The power for reappropriation/modification on allotted funds inrespect of NH vests with 

        A:-State Government 

        B:-Chief Engineer (NH) 

        C:-Government of India 

        D:-Secretary Finance 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question44:-If the site of bridge is predetermined due to other reasons, then the detailed investigation can be conducted straight away without ______ investigation. 

        A:-Secondary 

        B:-Aerial 

        C:-Preliminary 

        D:-None of the above 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question45:-The excess expenditure on account of higher compensation for L.A. for N.H. works in satisfaction of court decree is a ______ item as far as State Government is concerned. 

        A:-Voted 

        B:-Charged 

        C:-Budgeted 

        D:-Contingent 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question46:-Who is authorised to approve the site of any Government Building? 

        A:-Government 

        B:-LSGD 

        C:-Chief Engineer and Superintending Engineer 

        D:-Chief Architect and Chief Engineer Buildings 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question47:-Who controls the district road safety wing? 

        A:-Executive Engineer, Roads 

        B:-District police Chief 

        C:-District Judge 

        D:-District collector 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question48:-Data for unit rate of items which included in the estimate but not included in the SOR can be prepared based on         A:-Lumpsum provision issuing authority 

        B:-Amount fixed by T.S.issuing authority 

        C:-Market rate 

        D:-Amount fixed by Government 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question49:-Which cell in PWD in co-ordinating the road safety activities including road safety audits, identification of black spots collaboration with kerala road safety authority etc. 

        A:-RMMS central cell 

        B:-IT cell 

        C:-Central road safety cell 

        D:-PWD GIS cell 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question50:-The expenditure of works in RaJ Bhavan, Thiruvananthapuram is a ____ one. 

        A:-Charged 

        B:-Voted 

        C:-Contingent 

        D:-Budgetted 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question51:-What is the usual width of bus bays that are provided in Highways to ensure that the other vehicles in the stream are not obstructed:         A:-Double lane 

        B:-Half lane 

        C:-Single lane 

        D:-Full lane 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question52:-The width of culvert shall be equal to the 

        A:-Formation width of the road 

        B:-Land width of the road 

        C:-Single lane width of the road 

        D:-Double lane width of the road 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question53:-A lumpsum contract of all ordinary maintenance irrespective of the amount - required to keep  road or buildings safe and defect free and the contractor is paid with monthly/quarterly premium amount is known as 

        A:-Lumpsum contract 

        B:-Percentage rate contract 

        C:-Piece work contract 

        D:-Performance based maintenance contract 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question54:-The financial powers of SE (Electrical) can be exercised by ______ inrespect of Electronic works. 

        A:-EE (Electronics) 

        B:-EE (Buildings) 

        C:-EE (IT) 

        D:-EE (Electrical)

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question55:-Time of completion of a work shall be reckoned from the date of 

        A:-Agreement 

        B:-Handing over the site 

        C:-Selection notice 

        D:-Bid approval 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question56:-The length of pre-cost concrete piles shall not normally exceed _____ meters. 

        A:-10 

        B:-15 

        C:-20 

        D:-25 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question57:-Major R.C.C. works except for lintels, sunshade etc, of a work having T.S. amount beyond the powers of Assistant Engineer shall be carried out only in the presence of 

        A:-Assistant Executive Engineer 

        B:-Executive Engineer 

        C:-Superintending Engineer 

        D:-Chief Engineer 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question58:-The following work can be arranged subject to availability of fund without AS 

        A:-Deposit Work 

        B:-NH work 

        C:-Original work 

        D:-Ordinary repair work and maintenance 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question59:-Relevant IRC code for Guidelines for pedestrian facilities. 

        A:-IRC : 103-1988 

        B:-IRC : 99-1988 

        C:-IRC : 58-2002 

        D:-IRC : 98-1997 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question60:-T.S. of original works which financed by Government of India partly or wholly can be issued with the prior approval of         A:-MORTH 

        B:-Secretary state PWD 

        C:-CTE 

        D:-None of the above 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question61:-The date of last measurement taken by the Assistant Engineer on Completion of a work will be treated as         A:-Date of completion of a work 

        B:-Date of the bill 

        C:-Date of execution of supplement agreement 

        D:-Date of ending of contract 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question62:-Prequalification of tender shall be followed for works costing above Rs. 

        A:-2  crores 

        B:-3 crores 

        C:-5 crores 

        D:-10 crores 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question63:-The important roads of a state linking district head quarters and important cities with in the state and connecting them with NH to the neighbouring state are classified as 

        A:-NH 

        B:-SH 

        C:-MDR 

        D:-Express ways 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question64:-Bitumen required for the work shall be issued from the departmental supply for works costing upto Rs. ______ lakh.         A:-75 

        B:-50 

        C:-100 

        D:-90 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question65:-The extension of time of completion of a work that can be granted at a time shall not exceed ______% of original time or six months whichever is less. 

        A:-50 

        B:-25 

        C:-10 

        D:-5 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question66:-The condition regarding the payment of EMD shall be waived in the case of 

        A:-Item rate contract 

        B:-Percentage rate contract 

        C:-Performance based maintenance contract 

        D:-Piece work contract 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question67:-Final bill of a work will be paid only after the completion is certified by which authority? 

        A:-Chief technical examiner 

        B:-Chief Engineer 

        C:-TS issuing authority 

        D:-AS issuing Authority 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question68:-Price variation clause as per norms of CPWD shall be adopted for State Government works in case of works having period of completion exceeding ______ months. 

        A:-6

        B:-12 

        C:-18 

        D:-15 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question69:-'C' category registration of contractors for Electrical works shall be issued by 

        A:-EE (Electrical) 

        B:-AEE (Electrical) 

        C:-SE (Electrical) 

        D:-EE (Buildings) 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question70:-Termination of a contract can be revoked by the agreement authority as per the request of the contractor to complete the balance work on depositing performance guarantee _____% of balance work. 

        A:-10 

        B:-20 

        C:-25 

        D:-30 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question71:-Competant authority to approve the deviation in the foundation of a work is 

        A:-Executive Engineer 

        B:-T.S. issuing authority 

        C:-Agreement authority 

        D:-Assistant Executive Engineer 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question72:-Over shall be responsible for the maintenance and safe custody of work spot order book in the form  appendix 2100 B at site of work exceeding T.S. powers of 

        A:-Assistant Engineer 

        B:-Executive Engineer 

        C:-Chief Engineer 

        D:-Assistant Executive Engineer 

        Correct Answer:-Question Cancelled 

Question73:-Who is custodian of original agreement in the division office executed in the circle office for circle level works.         A:-Divisional Accounts Officer 

        B:-Deputy Executive Engineer 

        C:-Assistant Engineer works 

        D:-Junior superintendent 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question74:-If tape measurements are taken for earth work. Which require level calculation for making interim payment, a deduction of _______% shall be made in the quantity for payment. 

        A:-10 

        B:-5 

        C:-15 

        D:-1 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question75:-Tender Excess limit that can be allowed to quotation works waiving of tender call is 

        A:-estimate rate 

        B:-10% above 

        C:-5% above 

        D:-estimated cost based on the market rate 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question76:-Assistant Engineer is competant for rent fixation and issue of rent certificate of private buildings upto Rs. ______ per month.         A:-10,000 

        B:-5,000 

        C:-3,000 

        D:-4,000 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question77:-Who among the following persons are not eligible for allottment of government quarters? 

        A:-Officers of State Government 

        B:-Officers who donot have own accomodation at the place of duty 

        C:-Personal staff of ministers 

        D:-Officers who are not paid from the consolidated fund of the state government 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question78:-Monthly rate payable by the occupant of government quarters is _____% of basic pay. 

        A:-3 

        B:-1 

        C:-2 

        D:-4 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question79:-The temperature of mix for bitumin macadam at the time of laying at site will be between ______ degrees.         A:-130-160 

        B:-120-160 

        C:-150-163 

        D:-155-163 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question80:-Competant authority to fix the annual maintenance grant of each government building is 

        A:-Executive Engineer Buildings 

        B:-Chief Engineer Buildings 

        C:-Superintending Engineer Buildings 

        D:-Secretary PWD 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question81:-The period of occupation of rooms in PWD Rest Houses by general public normally at a stretch is limited to _____ days.         A:-7 

        B:-3 

        C:-14 

        D:-21 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B

Question82:-Estate officer for all government Buildings is 

        A:-Assistant Executive Engineer Buildings 

        B:-Superintending Engineer Buildings 

        C:-Chief Engineer Buildings 

        D:-Executive Engineer Buildings 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question83:-Retired government employees of the state are eligible for accomodation at PWD Rest Houses on production of copy of ID card/ Pension book at the concession rate of _______% of normal rent. 

        A:-50 

        B:-40 

        C:-60 

        D:-25 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question84:-Assistant Engineer shall inspect all culverts and bridges of span less than 30m  on intervals of 

        A:-Thrice in a year 

        B:-Once in a year 

        C:-Twice in a year 

        D:-Once in two years 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question85:-Proposals involving post creation/hiring of temporary staff/ purchase of vehicles should be approved by         A:-Counsel of ministers 

        B:-Administrative Department 

        C:-Departmental working group 

        D:-Special working group 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question86:-______ sanction of state government is not required for the implementation of 100% funded central sector schemes through state government department/agencies 

        A:-Administrative 

        B:-Technical 

        C:-Financial 

        D:-Environmental 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question87:-If the cost of work increaser due to major structural atterations and with in 10% over the AS then the supplementary agreement shall be executed after duly sanctioned the revised estimate and obtaining 

        A:-Revised AS and revised TS 

        B:-Revised AS from competant authority 

        C:-Revised TS from competant authority 

        D:-Required fund 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question88:-Established and Experienced forms which satisfy the conditions in bidding document can participate in bidding process of ______ projects eventhough they have no valid registration in PWD. 

        A:-'TURNKEY projects' bidding 

        B:-Lumpsum contract 

        C:-Item rate contract 

        D:-Percentage rate contract 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question89:-Payment of bills can be made without detailed scrutiny to a maximum of _____% of the bill amount.         A:-50 

        B:-75 

        C:-90 

        D:-60 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question90:-The numbering of avenue trees shall be checked and renumbered 

        A:-Every year 

        B:-Once in every two years 

        C:-Once in every five years 

        D:-Once in every four years 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question91:-Ordinary cement washing to government buildings shall be done in 

        A:-Every year 

        B:-Every two years 

        C:-Every six months 

        D:-Every three years 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question92:-What is the spray rate of bitumen for tack coat for bituminess works in normal surface? 

        A:-3.5 to 4 kg/10`m^2` 

        B:-2.5 to 3 kg/10 `m^2` 

        C:-2 to 2.50 kg/10` m^2` 

        D:-3 to 3.5 kg/10`m^2` 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question93:-The frequency period of painting km stones, HM stones, boundary stones is _____ in the year. 

        A:-Once 

        B:-Monthly 

        C:-Bimonthly 

        D:-Twice 

        Correct Answer:- Option-A 

Question94:-The daily rent of A/C room in class II Rest House of PWD is Rs. 

        A:-450 

        B:-500 

        C:-300 

        D:-400 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question95:-The money collected at Rest Houses shall be handed over to the custodian officer in every 

        A:-Every day 

        B:-Every 7 days

        C:-Once in a month 

        D:-Every 2 weeks 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question96:-The periodicity of renewal of bituminess roads using chipping carpet is _____ years. 

        A:-2 

        B:-3 

        C:-4 

        D:-7 

        Correct Answer:- Option-B 

Question97:-Replacing of electric bulb, tube, fans when they are getting damaged in a government building is the responsibility of         A:-Assistant Engineer Buildings 

        B:-LSGD 

        C:-Occupant department 

        D:-District collector 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question98:-Agreed rate of an item is applicable to the excess quantity in that item up to _____% 

        A:-30 

        B:-20 

        C:-25 

        D:-15 

        Correct Answer:- Option-C 

Question99:-Conferrence halls attached to PWD Rest Houses shall be reserved for departments other than PWD based on the request of the district officer at concessional rate of _____% of the normal rent. 

        A:-60 

        B:-20 

        C:-50 

        D:-40 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D 

Question100:-The class III rest houses of PWD has the facilities of 

        A:-Having 5 or more number of rooms 

        B:-Having 6 or more number of rooms 

        C:-Having 10 or more number of rooms 

        D:-Having 5 or lesser number of rooms 

        Correct Answer:- Option-D